What is this?

Chancroid is a highly contagious but treatable sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the bacterium Haemophilus ducreyi [hum-AH-fill-us DOO-cray]. It leads to the formation of ulcers, typically on the genitals. Swollen, painful lymph glands, known as inguinal buboes [in-GWEEN-al BEW-boes], in the groin area are commonly associated with chancroid. If left untreated, chancroid can increase the risk of HIV transmission. 

Symptoms of Chancroid

1. Genital Ulcers:

• Painful sores or ulcers on the genital area.

• Ulcers typically start as small, raised bumps and then become open sores with a soft center and ragged edges.

2. Swollen Lymph Nodes:

• Enlarged, painful lymph nodes (inguinal buboes) in the groin area.

• The lymph nodes may become swollen and tender, and in some cases, they can rupture and drain pus.

3. Pain and Discomfort:

• Pain during urination or sexual intercourse.

• General discomfort and irritation in the genital area.

4. Redness and Inflammation:

• Redness and inflammation around the sores.

5. Fever:

• In some cases, a mild fever may accompany other symptoms.

How is it transmitted?

Chancroid is transmitted in two ways:

1. Sexual Transmission: Through skin-to-skin contact with open sores.

2. Non-Sexual Transmission: When pus-like fluid from the ulcer is transferred to other parts of the body or to another person.

Standard treatment protocol and time:

First-Line Antibiotics

1. Azithromycin:

• Dosage: 1 gram (1000 mg) taken orally in a single dose.

2. Ceftriaxone:

• Dosage: 250 mg administered as a single intramuscular (IM) injection.

3. Ciprofloxacin:

• Dosage: 500 mg taken orally twice a day for 3 days.

4. Erythromycin:

• Dosage: 500 mg taken orally four times a day for 7 days.

Treatment Time

• Symptom Relief: Symptoms usually begin to improve within a few days of starting antibiotic treatment.

• Healing Time: Complete healing of ulcers and lymph node swelling typically occurs within 7 to 14 days, but may take longer if the infection is severe.

• Follow-Up: Patients should be re-examined 3 to 7 days after starting treatment to ensure improvement. If no improvement is seen, the diagnosis should be reassessed, and alternative treatments or additional testing may be required.

Important Considerations

1. Sexual Abstinence: Avoid sexual contact until the sores are completely healed to prevent spreading the infection.

2. Partner Notification and Treatment: Sexual partners should be notified, tested, and treated if necessary to prevent reinfection and further transmission.

3. HIV Testing: Given the association between chancroid and increased HIV transmission risk, patients should be tested for HIV.

How to avoid it?

• Use Condoms: Correct and consistent use of condoms during sexual activity can reduce the risk of chancroid and other sexually transmitted infections.

• Practice Good Hygiene: Regular washing and keeping the genital area clean can help prevent infection.